Healthcare decisions rely not only on clinical effectiveness but also on whether interventions provide value for the resources they require. Full economic evaluations offer a structured way to guide these choices by weighing both costs and consequences.

In this combined lecture, we will examine the limits of clinical trial data and highlight the role of decision modelling in filling evidence gaps. We’ll consider when to develop core models versus adapt existing ones, with practical examples, and then walk through the typical HTA submission process. Finally, we will look at the European HTA framework of 2025, and its implications for research and practice.

Riina Hallik (MSc, MMSc, RN) is a lecturer and master thesis supervisor in TalTech’s Digital Health curriculum and a member of the ethics committee of the Health Development Institute (TAI). In addition, co-founder of two Estonian digital health startups and a mentor. She has 12+ years of experience in research projects and was Estonian representative in European Taskforce for Harmonised Evaluation of Digital Medical Devices (DMDs) at EIT Health.

Riina will cover the following topics: what economic evaluations are and why they are needed, the main methods of full economic evaluation, and the limitations of using clinical trial data

Chiara Malmberg (MMSc) is a research manager at IHE (The Swedish Institute for Health Economics) and also several years of experience also in Mapi Group and ICON plc. In total she has 10+ years consulting experience in working with health economic studies, market access and HTAs. She has primarily worked with systematic literature reviews, health economic modelling as well as submissions to HTA organisations within Europe and Canada. Recent years focus has been on economic modelling including early economic models, core model development as well as model adaptations focusing on the Nordic countries.