Which illnesses are more common among people with low well-being? Are these associations causal? Let’s go one step back and look at the causes of well-being, such as a person’s physical environment, income, occupation, unemployment, educational and social resources, experience of discrimination – if these factors increase the risk of illness, then does this mechanism manifest itself via the “well-being” pathway, or other pathways? Which interventions exist that can break these causal chains, to improve well-being and prevent disease?